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Weather Data

Weather data forms the foundation of all P90 uncertainty analysis. This section covers supported formats, required variables, and how P90 handles missing or incomplete meteorological data.

PVW files are SunSolve’s optimized weather format that includes pre-calculated solar position data and standardized meteorological variables. These can be exported from SunSolve Yield.

Advantages:

  • Pre-validated solar geometry calculations
  • Optimized file size and loading performance
  • Guaranteed compatibility with P90 analysis
  • Includes metadata for timezone and location information

Contents:

  • Timestamp data with timezone information
  • Solar position (zenith and azimuth angles)
  • Global and diffuse horizontal irradiance
  • Ambient temperature and wind speed
  • Optional time-step specific parameters

Standard comma-separated files containing meteorological time series data. The ‘sydney.csv’ file can be used as a template, you must keep all column headers the same.

Requirements:

  • Consistent timestamp format and frequency
  • All required meteorological variables present
  • Proper column headers, following ‘sydney.csv’ template
  • Valid numeric data ranges

Supported Variables:

  • SolarAzimuth (degrees)
  • SolarZenith (degrees)
  • AmbientTemp (celsius)
  • DHI (W/m2)
  • GHI (W/m2)
  • DNI (W/m2)
  • Wind Speed (m/s)
  • Tilt (degrees)

Solar Zenith Angle

  • Range: 0° to 180°
  • Definition: Angle between sun and vertical (0° = sun directly overhead)
  • Units: Degrees
  • Usage: Determines direct irradiance component on tilted surfaces

Solar Azimuth Angle

  • Range: 0° to 360°
  • Definition: Horizontal angle of sun position (0° = North, 90° = East, 180° = South, 270° = West)
  • Units: Degrees
  • Usage: Calculates irradiance orientation effects

Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI)

  • Range: ≥ 0 W/m²
  • Definition: Total solar irradiance on horizontal surface
  • Components: Direct + diffuse + reflected irradiance
  • Critical for: Overall energy availability assessment

Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI)

  • Range: ≥ 0 W/m²
  • Definition: Scattered solar irradiance on horizontal surface
  • Relationship: Must be ≤ GHI
  • Usage: Determines sky diffuse contribution to tilted surfaces

Ambient Temperature

  • Units: Kelvin (K)
  • Range: Physically reasonable values (typically 200-350 K)
  • Usage: Module temperature calculations affecting power output
  • Impact: Higher temperatures generally reduce photovoltaic efficiency

Wind Speed

  • Range: ≥ 0 m/s
  • Definition: Wind velocity at measurement height
  • Usage: Convective cooling calculations for module temperature
  • Impact: Higher wind speeds improve module cooling

These variables can be included in weather files for time-step specific values, or fallback values will be used.

Albedo

  • Range: 0 to 1
  • Definition: Ground reflectance fraction
  • Typical values: 0.2 (grass), 0.8 (snow), 0.4 (concrete)
  • Usage: Calculates reflected irradiance contribution

Front Surface Soiling

  • Range: 0 to 1
  • Definition: Fraction of light transmission through soiled front surface
  • Impact: 1.0 = clean, 0.9 = 10% soiling losses
  • Variability: Can change seasonally or after cleaning events

Rear Surface Soiling

  • Range: 0 to 1
  • Definition: Light transmission through soiled rear surface (bifacial modules)
  • Application: Only relevant for bifacial installations
  • Typically: Lower impact than front surface soiling

Module Tilt Angle

  • Range: -90° to 90°
  • Definition: Angle of module surface from horizontal
  • Usage: Overrides system fallback tilt for this time step
  • Application: Tracking systems or variable tilt installations

Rear Transmission Factor

  • Range: ≥ 0
  • Definition: Light transmission coefficient for rear irradiance
  • Usage: Bifacial gain calculations
  • Context: Represents module structure transparency

Rear Structural Shading Factor

  • Range: 0 to 1
  • Definition: Fraction of rear surface unshaded by structural elements
  • Impact: Reduces bifacial irradiance collection
  • Examples: Mounting rail shadows, frame effects

When time-step specific values are missing, P90 applies fallback values in this order:

  1. User-specified fallbacks: Values you configure in system settings
  2. System defaults: Built-in reasonable values for typical installations

Common Fallback Scenarios:

  • Albedo: Uses fallback when ground conditions not specified
  • Soiling: Applies consistent soiling rates when cleaning schedules unknown
  • Tilt: Uses system tilt angle when tracking data unavailable

Temporal Resolution

  • Typical: Hourly time steps
  • Supported: Sub-hourly to daily intervals
  • Consistency: All data points must use same interval

Data Completeness

  • Minimum: Core meteorological variables for all time steps
  • Recommended: Include optional parameters when available
  • Missing data: Will use interpolation or fallback values as appropriate

Temporal Coverage

  • TMY data: Single representative year, repeated for multi-year analysis
  • Actual years: Multiple years of historical data for each analysis year
  • Duration: Sufficient data for meaningful statistical analysis